A protocol is a set of rules or algorithms which define the way how two entities can communicate across the network and there exists a different protocol defined at each layer of the OSI model. A few such protocols are TCP, IP, UDP, ARP, DHCP, FTP, and so on.
Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)
Function: The foundational protocol suite of the internet, enabling reliable communication.
Components:
TCP: Ensures data is delivered reliably and in order.
IP: Routes data packets to their destination based on IP addresses.
Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) and HTTPS
Function: The protocols used for transmitting web pages.
HTTP: Unsecured communication.
HTTPS: Secured communication using SSL/TLS encryption.
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)
Function: Protocol for sending email.
Components: Works with other protocols like POP3 and IMAP for email retrieval.
File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
Function: Protocol for transferring files between computers.
Components: Includes commands for uploading, downloading, and managing files on a remote server.
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)
Function: Automatically assigns IP addresses to devices on a network.
Components: Reduces manual configuration and IP address conflicts.
Domain Name System (DNS)
Function: Translates human-friendly domain names into IP addresses.
Components: Ensures seamless navigation on the internet.